How to Keep a Clean Colon (Um… the Punctuation Kind)

Liz here. So you've mas­tered the semi­colon. Well done, you! I'm so proud of you. Go help your­self to a cookie. When you get back from your snack, we're going to talk about the cousin of the semi­colon, the colon. No, not that one. Gross.

Colon / Semicolon

Photo by freeimageslive

Colons are lovely, dis­tin­guished punc­tu­a­tion marks that are used for a vari­ety of pur­poses. Firstly, they can be used to pro­vide a def­i­n­i­tion or expla­na­tion of circumstances.

Rose stopped mid-sentence when the real­iza­tion hit her: Mark didn't like her guinea pig.

Style guides debate when to cap­i­tal­ize the first word after the colon. The Chicago guide dic­tates that the first word is only cap­i­tal­ized if two or more sen­tences that are related to the orig­i­nal idea fol­low the colon. No mat­ter which style you pre­fer, make sure to stay consistent.

Colons are also used when set­ting up a quo­ta­tion, espe­cially par­tic­u­larly long ones.

She took a deep thought-breath before con­tin­u­ing: “And I will always have Lady Godiva to cheer me up when I'm hav­ing a depress­ing day.”

Finally, colons are used to intro­duce a list.

There were sev­eral rea­sons Mark didn't want to touch Lady Godiva: he was bit­ten by a guinea pig as a child, he was aller­gic to guinea pig dan­der, and he found her odor just the slight­est bit unpleasant.

It's also impor­tant to remem­ber that the intro­duc­tory clause before the colon should be a com­plete thought.

For more of Liz's gram­mat­i­cally cor­rect snark­i­ness, take her tuto­r­ial Grammar 101. It's free!

PRACTICE

Tell the story of two friends who sud­denly find them­selves in a dis­agree­ment. Use colons to explain where the mental/emotional/pet-related dis­con­nect occurs.

Write for fif­teen min­utes. When you're fin­ished, post your prac­tice in the com­ments section.

And if you post, make sure to give some feed­back to the other Practitioners!

Buena suerte!

About the Author

Liz Bureman

Liz acts as The Write Practices resident snark and Copy Queen. She lives in Denver and loves it.

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  • Cynthia Hartwig

    Good post, Liz, and I love the head­line. Very snappy. Would you address "first" v. "firstly" in usage. Is this per­sonal pref­er­ence? I notice you use "firstly" here and it sounds cor­rect to my ear, but I typ­i­cally use first, but maybe that's pre­sum­ing a second?

  • http://spiritualsidekick.com/ Tom Wideman

    Jack’s sun-bronzed face sud­denly faded into the same color as the moon hid­ing behind the wispy gray clouds: It was obvi­ous that he was upset. The only color left on his face was the crim­son red that was pul­sat­ing through his over­sized ears. He stood shirt­less on his front porch star­ing in dis­be­lief at his old friend Dave.

    I didn’t mean for it to hap­pen this way, Jack,” Dave said. “It was sup­posed to be a joke.”

    Jack col­lapsed into the front porch swing and buried his face in his hands. Dave silently stepped back a few feet just in case Jack decided to lunge at him. After a few awk­ward moments, Jack stood up and walked towards Dave. His voice quiv­ered as he con­tin­ued inter­ro­gat­ing his long time neigh­bor: “How in the world, could this be a joke? How would any­one in their right mind see this as funny?

    I real­ize it’s not funny now, but in my head, I just thought…”

    “You just thought?” Jack inter­rupted: “Dave you weren’t think­ing. There was no intel­li­gent rea­son­ing going on when you came up with this lit­tle scheme!”

    Please let me explain,” Dave pleaded, tak­ing another step toward the stairs.

    Wait!” Jack shouted. “I don’t need an expla­na­tion from you and here’s why: you’re a lying SOB, you’re a trai­tor, and you’re out of time. You can save your lame excuses for the judge when I call the cops and have you arrested!”

    Jack reached for his cell phone to place the call. In a panic, Dave tried to grab the phone from Jack’s hands. As the two men wres­tled for pos­ses­sion of the phone, they lost their foot­ing and tum­bled over the porch rail­ing. As Jack’s head hit the ground, Dave heard the crack.

    Jack, Jack!” Dave said with a fury of des­per­a­tion. There was no response. He watched the color fade from Jack’s ears: his friend was gone.

    Dave took a moment to gather his wits: he decided he needed to get rid of Jack’s body. He found the keys to Jack’s car and loaded the body into the trunk. He grabbed some black garbage bags and a shovel and threw them in the back seat. Just as he started to leave, he sud­denly remem­bered his prac­ti­cal joke-turned-bad. He reached down and picked up the deflated whoopee cush­ion from the porch swing and tossed it in the trunk as well. It was vitally impor­tant that he dis­pose of all the incrim­i­nat­ing evidence.

    • http://joebunting.com Joe Bunting

      Great open­ing para­graph, Tom. So vivid!

      And the action is incred­i­ble. We're left won­der­ing, what was the joke? What was it? What could war­rant such a reaction?

      The fight might be a bit too much, not that it's unbe­liev­able they would fight or even that it could be bad. Maybe I just didn't believe that it would be so easy to break someone's back.

      And the whoopie cush­ion is a lit­tle silly. Why would Jack react so strongly to a whoopie cush­ion? Was there a girl around and was he com­pletely embar­rassed? Either way, you'd need to set up why Jack was so mad.

      The prin­ci­ple, though, and basic struc­ture of your story is excel­lent. The joke itself SHOULD be some­thing ridicu­lous like you have it. And I love the con­trast between the silli­ness of the joke and the extreme fall­out that comes from it. This could be a really excel­lent short story if it was in a lit­tle longer for­mat. Great job, Tom!

      • http://spiritualsidekick.com/ Tom Wideman

        HaHa! Thanks Joe. Just remem­ber, you only give us 15 min­utes to be bril­liant. So as it got down to the wire, I real­ized I couldn't come up with a bril­liant cli­matic con­clu­sion, so I went for the absurd :)

      • http://spiritualsidekick.com/ Tom Wideman

        HaHa! Thanks Joe. Just remem­ber, you only give us 15 min­utes to be bril­liant. So as it got down to the wire, I real­ized I couldn't come up with a bril­liant cli­matic con­clu­sion, so I went for the absurd :)

        • http://joebunting.com Joe Bunting

          I know I know I know. I'm just say­ing, this thing has a lot of potential.

  • http://writex3.blogspot.com/ Steph

    I don't know if this snip­pet quite cap­tures the dis­agree­ment at hand, but I did appre­ci­ate the exer­cise. It helped me key in on a small, piv­otal moment in the scene. (And it made me jump into the long put-off revi­sion of this chap­ter!) Thanks!:

    Surely you must have seen her before. I would imag­ine you’ve crossed paths with just about every­one who lives on this lake,” Doc said.

    Rex shook his head. “Not her.”

    You’ll need to come up with bet­ter than that for the police,” Doc said. “You left the lodge, found the body – which was not exactly on the beaten path, I might add — and hauled her in with your own gaff hook. ”

    Hey, that’s not quite how it-”

    Doc held up a hand and inter­rupted. “You know that; I know that. But all the police will see is the blood on your hands. Now think, Rex. What do you know about her?”

    God, he just needed sleep. No, first, a shot of whiskey. Then sleep. He searched for some decent detail to offer, any­thing to get him out of stand­ing there like a slack-jawed bull moose in a spring meadow. Doc was right. Their mys­te­ri­ous guest, their patient, the vic­tim, was not long for this world. There was bound to be an inves­ti­ga­tion. He would swear that she wasn’t from these parts, but a good hunch is good for noth­ing on the wit­ness’ stand.

    He method­i­cally pushed against a loose molar with his tongue as he thought. The long win­ters took their toll on a smile, but so far, his teeth had always tight­ened up again when spring brought new ramps to fry up and fresh leaves for bog tea. He might lose this one though. After all, with­out her falsies, his mum smiled like a new­born babe, and Phyllis had the mouth of a jack-o-lantern.

    He pushed the lantern to the edge of the night­stand and kneeled to get a bet­ter look at the young woman’s face as she slept, still as death, on the bunk before him. Using his thumb, he gen­tly rolled down her lower lip: a full set of pearly whites. He tucked the blan­ket around her shoul­ders and turned back to the doctor.

    There’s no way she’s from up here. She’s got all her teeth, eh?”

    Doc’s lips pulled back in a sur­prised smile in which Rex could not see any gaps. “Well, now, there’s a start.”

    • http://joebunting.com Joe Bunting

      This is so well done, Steph. There's mys­tery, sus­pense, doubt, and then a cre­ative solu­tion deliv­ered in a unique way. I'm always impressed by your writ­ing, Steph. Good job!

      • http://writex3.blogspot.com/ Steph

        Thank you for read­ing, Joe. This chap­ter has been a long-fought bat­tle. I'm glad to get the feed­back that it's shap­ing up.

  • Rosemary

    I enjoy your blog thor­oughly. This is the first time I've ven­tured to post any­thing, though. My sce­nario may seem child­ish and a bit raw, so I apol­o­gize up front. I am a speech com­mu­ni­ca­tion major–who likes to write and wants to improve–and I enjoy learn­ing about com­mu­ni­ca­tion and rela­tion­ship dynam­ics, espe­cially between girls/women. Most recently, my inter­est has turned to aggres­sion in girls. That's why this came to mind. So, here goes:

    "Marie spent end­less hours skim­ming through Facebook to read the lat­est hap­pen­ings with her friends. Heaven for­bid she ever pick up the phone to con­verse one-to-one: "This is faster," she rea­soned. Then, as if she had been legswept from behind, she saw it: "Marie puts out to any guy who pays atten­tion to her." It was Connie–Marie's best friend–who had com­mented on Layla's wall.

    Furiously, Marie retorted, "And what about you, Connie? Weren't you just say­ing the other night how you felt bad because you had been with three dif­fer­ent guys in two nights? Talk about putting out. Where do you get your energy?" In a flash, Connie fired off a response, as if she had been crouch­ing in the trenches wait­ing for Marie to step on the land­mine remark. What ensued was a 15-minute, no-holds barred Facebook wall war for all to see and join. Marie's wounds were deep. She couldn't believe what was hap­pen­ing: her best friend back­stabbed her, a for­mer boyfriend accused her of being trashy, and her worst enemy chimed in every cou­ple of com­ments with a resound­ing "LM_AO!"

    She picked up the phone to call Marie before slam­ming it back down and fum­ing to her­self: "What the h___! This would only mat­ter if I wanted to con­tinue the friend­ship. Whatever! I've put up with too much from her! I'm done! But I will get even. Just wait, Connie. You'll regret this day for the rest of your life. The skele­tons in your closet are com­ing to life."

    • Anonymous

      I can't com­ment on the colon use here. I'm a basi­cally a punc­tu­a­tion flunkey. I have to say how much I love some of your fig­ures of speech though. "legswept from behind", "as if she had been crouch­ing in the trenches wait­ing for Marie to step on a a land­line", and the skele­tons in your closet are com­ing to life". I love all of them. They pulled me right along. I think your topic is very com­pelling and we need to hear more about the kind of destruc­tive long range inter­ac­tion. I really hope you post again. You can learn to write but you can't learn to make up great fig­ures of speech. I think they come from the way we talk and what we hear peo­ple around us say­ing. I love col­or­ful speech any way it's handed to me, writ­ing, speak­ing, what­ever; and you have it by the pen full here.

    • http://writex3.blogspot.com/ Steph

      I liked your scene, too. You have an easy-to-read style.

    • http://joebunting.com Joe Bunting

      Thanks for join­ing us, Rosemary. :) Where do you go to school?

      You've done an excel­lent job here. There are few things more strange, fas­ci­nat­ing, and unfor­tu­nate these days than a cat­fight on face­book. It's like watch­ing a car wreck. You can't look away. You've done a great job show­ing one at it's worst.

  • http://www.danezeller.com/ Dane Zeller

    Liz, thank you for your sup­port of the colon. Many writ­ers brush aside the rules of punc­tu­a­tion. They con­sider them unim­por­tant, in con­trast to plot and scene. I con­tend they give rhythm to your writ­ing by invok­ing stops and pauses. The period is the stop sign. The semi­colon is the California rolling stop that will gain you a ticket from the least dis­cern­ing police­man. The colon is a rolling stop, defen­si­ble in court. Like all use­ful writ­ing tools, you should not leave your punc­tu­a­tion duty to your copy editor.

    • http://joebunting.com Joe Bunting

      Ha, nice anal­ogy, Dane.

  • Anonymous

    I’m really not sure if this is right. I think, except for the way it’s used with lists, I am going to avoid colons. They’re cute but too con­fus­ing, and semi-colons aren’t much bet­ter, maybe they’re even worse.

    They can’t lay eggs in the trees, John. It won’t work.” She was clean­ing the chicken house as she spoke. It was a large chicken house about the size of a small log cabin.

    But they’re sup­posed to be free range. We’re a nat­ural farm,” he said. Rubbing his tem­ples and won­der­ing if he was hear­ing things he thought: wasn’t she the one who wanted to get the Natural Farm cer­tifi­cate, and the hens, the same per­son was now get­ting ready to put his flea mar­ket finds into the hen house?

    Go get that big pile of junk that you had in the spare room and put it in this house, right now,” she said. “All of that junk goes out here: the tools, the chairs, the golf clubs, the archery equip­ment; and the tillers go, all of the tillers. And don’t for­get the exer­cise equipment.”

    My tools, my fur­ni­ture. What about the hens?” he said: he didn’t like ani­mals tak­ing prece­dence over his stuff, but he wasn’t sure that was hap­pen­ing here, because what was going on wasn’t at all clear to John.

    The hens?”

“Where are they going to lay eggs. You don’t want them to use the trees and they can’t use the house if all my stuffs in there,” he said.

    You are going to build them a new coop, over there near that lit­tle oak, and those black­berry bushes. Fence all around it, the coop, the tree and the bushes. Then they can have the coop and the bushes and I won’t have to walk all though the woods look­ing for the eggs,” she said.

    • http://writex3.blogspot.com/ Steph

      I hope you post more of this. I love the free-range-chicken hen-house drama. Great characterization!

      • Anonymous

        Thanks Steph.